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History and Origin of Azerbaijani Manat

Manat is a name for the national currencies of Azerbaijan (since 1918), Turkmenistan (since 1993), Georgia (1918–1923), North Caucasian Emirate (modern Dagestan-Chechnia-Ingushetia, 1919–1920), and Provisional National Government of the Southwestern Caucasus (1918 –1919). Manat was also the designation name for the Soviet ruble in Azerbaijani, Turkmen and Georgian languages. Azerbaijani manat is subdivided into 100 qapik. The purpose of this article to analyze the origin and prove the relationship to the ancient Sumerian word ma-na (𒈠𒈾), a measurement of unit of weight equivalent to 60 siklu. Mana derives from word 'mani', which translates into English as 'to count'.      According to Wikipedia the origin of word ‘manat, is in a Russian word ‘moneta’ (монета), which is a loan word from Latin ‘moneta’. It might seem a plausible explanation, but it has serious flaws. Georgians and Azerbaijanis and Turkmens have numerous names for currencies and coin...
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Etymology of Caspian, and Kassite

Introduction . Azerbaijan is a birthplace of many ancient cultures and civilizations, such as Shulaveri-Shomu and Kura–Araxes cultures, Mannea, Urartu, Media, Atropaterna, Caucasian Albania, etc. Through the history there have been many speculations about the origin of Azerbaijanis: Persians who adopted the Turkic language; Seljuk Turks who came from Central Asia and settled in Transcaucasia. None of these hypothesis came true. Recent DNA analysis show that Azerbaijanis are the aboriginal people who live in their ancestral land for many years. So who are the Azerbaijanis, their national identity, and their place in the history? The original name of Greater Azerbaijan (both Iranian Azerbaijan and Republic of Azerbaijan) was Caspiane according to Strabo (Book 11, Chapter 2, Section 15), who lived 63 BC – c. AD 24, the name its also used to refer to Caspian Mountains (Caucasian Mountains) and Caspian Sea: "According to Eratosthenes, the Caucasus is called "Caspiu...

Ancient Caspian Cross of Azerbaijan

Caspian Cross (Azerbaijan) Introduction . The name Azerbaijan has three versions of interpretation: the first version is based on the Ancient Assyrian words Aderbaythen (House of (god) Ader), where Ader - the Kassites and Assyrian name of god of fire, Baythe is the house; the second version is based on the Median words Athurpatakan (Athur - "fire", patakan - "keeper"; the third version (according to "Oghuzname") is based on Old Turkic words Khazarbaijan (Khazar - "land", baijan - "welthy", or "noble"). The word Khazar means "land" also in Mongolian, but it is spelled as Gazar ("Ystoria Mongalorum" by Giovanni da Pian del Carpine, written in the 1240). It should be noted that the various versions of the same name are attempts to own the name by various dynasties, which happened to rule in Azerbaijan. Just like the name Iran, which was politicized by various historians with Pan-Persianist agen...